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The Code of Hammurabi. It's quite interesting and generally follows the whole "Eye for an eye" approach. It was very advanced for it's time (~1800BC) and many of it's laws can still be seen in many countries around the world, such as Saudi. Some where a bit over the top (ie: If anyone brings an accusation against a man, and the accused goes to the river and leaps into the river, if he sinks in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river proves that the accused is not guilty, and he escapes unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser), but it'd be nice if some others were still in practice (ie: If anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he shall be put to death).
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