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Specifically, I see that you are asking about "US Retaliers" charging more in Canada, and not Canadian owned businesses charging more in Canada.
1-Distribution costs since Canada has one of the lowest density for population in the world. For example, even though there are large cities in Canada, there are not as many large cities NEAR these large cities such as in the US.
2-Currency fluctuations hedge. The CDN dollar used to be $1.50+ to $1.00 USD.
3-And one of the posters mentioned about tariffs. I think there are duties on milk produced in the USA being imported into Canada.
4-Smaller market
5-Milk, in my opinion, is price inelastic. So, Canadians will continue to buy milk even though the price increases, so retailers will and can charge more. There is no real substitute to milk.
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